Age (9-11)

Topics

•    Explore energy, forces, motion, friction, and simple machines.
•    Understand light, sound, magnets, and electrical circuits.
•    Explore matter, materials, mixtures, and physical and chemical changes.
•    Study plants, photosynthesis, food chains, ecosystems, and adaptations.
•    Learn about the human body, microorganisms, health, and disease prevention.
•    Explore Earth, rocks, soil, weather, climate, and the water cycle.
•    Study the Solar System, Moon phases, eclipses, stars, and satellites.
•    Develop scientific thinking through observation, prediction, experiments, data, and evidence.

Detailed Syllabus

1. Energy, Forces & Motion

• Forms of energy: heat, light, sound, electrical, and mechanical.
• Energy changes in everyday situations.
• Pushes, pulls, gravity, and friction.
• How friction affects movement.
• Simple ideas of speed using distance and time.
• Balanced and unbalanced forces.
• How forces affect the movement of objects.
• Everyday examples of energy, forces, and motion.

2. Simple Machines

• Levers, pulleys, wheels and axles, inclined planes, and gears.
• Identify simple machines in everyday objects.
• Understand how simple machines make work easier.
• Compare different simple machines.
• Simple examples of effort and load.
• Solve simple practical machine challenges.

3. Light, Sound, Magnets & Electricity

• Sources of light.
• Reflection and shadows.
• Transparent, translucent, and opaque materials.
• How sound is produced and travels.
• Pitch and volume.
• Magnets and magnetic fields at a basic level.
• Magnetic attraction and repulsion.
• Conductors and insulators.
• Simple series circuits.
• Open and closed circuits.
• Basic electrical safety.

4. Matter & Materials

• Solids, liquids, and gases.
• Basic particle idea of matter.
• Atoms and molecules as a simple introduction.
• Properties of common materials.
• Metals, plastics, wood, glass, and other everyday materials.
• Hardness, flexibility, solubility, and conductivity.
• Choosing suitable materials for different purposes.
• Relating material properties to their uses.

5. Changes & Mixtures

• Melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation.
• Physical and chemical changes with everyday examples.
• Simple signs of a chemical change.
• Soluble and insoluble substances.
• Mixtures and solutions.
• Separating mixtures using filtering, sieving, evaporation, and sorting.
• Reversible and irreversible changes.
• Everyday examples of material changes.

6. Plants, Animals & Ecosystems

• Plant structures and their functions.
• What plants need to grow.
• Basic photosynthesis.
• Food chains and simple food webs.
• Producers, consumers, and decomposers.
• Habitats and ecosystems.
• Animal and plant adaptations.
• Relationships between organisms and their environments.
• How environmental changes affect living things.

7. Human Body, Microorganisms & Health

• Major body systems and their basic functions.
• Digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and skeletal systems.
• How major body systems work together.
• Nutrients and balanced diets.
• Exercise, sleep, and healthy living.
• Bacteria, fungi, and viruses at a basic level.
• Helpful and harmful microorganisms.
• How infectious diseases can spread.
• Hygiene and disease prevention.

8. Earth, Rocks & Environment

• Structure of Earth: crust, mantle, and core.
• Types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
• Rock cycle at a simple level.
• Soil and its importance.
• Weathering and erosion.
• Water cycle.
• Weather and climate.
• Natural resources and conservation.
• Pollution and environmental protection.

9. Earth & Space

• The Sun, planets, and Solar System.
• Earth's rotation and revolution.
• Day and night.
• Seasons.
• Moon phases.
• Solar and lunar eclipses.
• Stars and constellations.
• Natural and artificial satellites.
• Basic space exploration and spacecraft.
• How technology helps us study space.

10. Scientific Thinking & Experiments

• Observe and record results.
• Ask simple scientific questions.
• Make predictions.
• Identify simple factors that can affect an experiment.
• Design simple fair tests.
• Collect and organize data.
• Read basic tables, diagrams, and graphs.
• Compare results.
• Use evidence to explain an answer.
• Draw simple conclusions from observations and results.
• Identify simple sources of error.

Important Note for Participants

The topics and subtopics provided are the main areas of the syllabus. They are not limited to only the examples mentioned.